• Article

    Interpretation of Serum Ammonia Level

    December 2, 2024

    A 77-year-old woman with a history of hepatitis C cirrhosis presents to the emergency department with 24 hours of progressive confusion and disorientation. The physical exam is notable for...

  • Article

    Bridging the Gap: How Do You Interpret an Osmolal Gap?

    November 1, 2023

    Case A 53-year-old man with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He drinks three to 12 beers daily and denied ingestion of toxic alcohol. Labs...