Stephen Antonucci, MD
Article
How Should Vitamin D Levels be Interpreted in Patients with IBD?
October 1, 2025
A 35-year-old male with Crohn’s disease (CD) presents with diarrhea, frequent abdominal cramps, and fatigue. He is on a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, infliximab 5 mg/kg infusion...
Article
Interpretation of Serum Ammonia Level
December 2, 2024
A 77-year-old woman with a history of hepatitis C cirrhosis presents to the emergency department with 24 hours of progressive confusion and disorientation. The physical exam is notable for...
Article
Bridging the Gap: How Do You Interpret an Osmolal Gap?
November 1, 2023
Case A 53-year-old man with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He drinks three to 12 beers daily and denied ingestion of toxic alcohol. Labs...